Chronology of Ancient Mesopotamian Kings of Sumeria

Order of Ancient Mesopotamian Kings of Sumeria Mesopotamia, the Land Between Two Rivers, was situated in present-day Iraq and Syriaâ and was home to one of the most antiquated human advancements: the Sumerians. Between the Tigris and Euphrates waterways, Sumerian urban areas, for example, Ur, Uruk, and Lagash give probably the soonest proof of human social orders, alongside the laws, composing, and farming that made them work. Sumeria in southern Mesopotamia was countered by Akkad (just as Babylonia and Assyria) in the north. Opponent administrations would move the focal point of intensity starting with one city then onto the next more than a great many years; the Akkadian ruler Sargon joined the two social orders during his rule (2334-2279 B.C.) The fall of Babylon to the Persians in 539 B.C. saw the finish of indigenous guideline in Mesopotamia, and the land was set apart by further victories by Alexander the Great, the Romans, and before going under Muslim principle in the seventh Century. This rundown of old Mesopotamian rulers originates from John E. Morby. Notes dependent on Marc Van De Mieroops. Sumerian Timelines First Dynasty of Ur c. 2563-2387 B.C. 2563-2524... Mesannepadda 2523-2484... Aannepadda 2483-2448... Meskiagnunna 2447-2423... Elulu 2422-2387... Balulu Line of Lagash c. 2494-2342 B.C. 2494-2465... Ur-Nanshe 2464-2455... Akurgal 2454-2425... Ennatum 2424-2405... Enannatum I 2402-2375... Entemena 2374-2365... Enannatum II 2364-2359... Enentarzi 2358-2352... Lugal-anda 2351-2342... Uru-inim-gina Line of Uruk c. 2340-2316 B.C. 2340-2316... Lugal-zaggesi Line of Akkad c. 2334-2154 B.C. 2334-2279... Sargon 2278-2270... Rimush 2269-2255... Manishtushu 2254-2218... Naram-Suen 2217-2193... Shar-kali-sharri 2192-2190... political agitation 2189-2169... Dudu 2168-2154... Shu-Turul Third Dynasty of Ur c. 2112-2004 B.C. 2112-2095... Ur-Nammu 2094-2047... Shulgi 2046-2038... Amar-Suena 2037-2029... Shu-Suen 2028-2004... Ibbi-Suen (The last ruler of Ur. One of his officers, Ishbi-Erra, built up a line in Isin.) Line of Isin c. 2017-1794 B.C. 2017-1985... Ishbi-Erra 1984-1975... Shu-ilishu 1974-1954... Iddin-Dagan 1953-1935... Ishme-Dagan 1934-1924... Lipit-Ishtar 1923-1896... Ur-Ninurta 1895-1875... Bramble Sin 1874-1870... Lipit-Enlil 1869-1863... Erra-imitti 1862-1839... Enlil-bani 1838-1836... Zambiya 1835-1832... Iter-pisha 1831-1828... Ur-dukuga 1827-1817... Sin-magir 1816-1794... Damiq-ilishu Line of Larsa c. 2026-1763 B.C. 2026-2006... Naplanum 2005-1978... Emisum 1977-1943... Samium 1942-1934... Zabaya 1933-1907... Gunnunum 1906-1896... Abi-sare 1895-1867... Sumu-el 1866-1851... Nur-Adad 1850-1844... Sin-iddinam 1843-1842... Sin-eribam 1841-1837... Sin-iqisham 1836... Silli-Adad 1835-1823... Warad-Sin 1822-1763... Edge Sin (most likely an Elamite. He crushed an alliance from Uruk, Isin, and Babylon and pulverized Uruk in 1800.)

Accounting Theory British Petroleum

Question: Talk about the Accounting Theory British Petroleum. Answer: Presentation According to Tagesson (2014), the majority of the enterprise exercises influence the biodiversity or the earth either straightforwardly or by implication. Along these lines, this report has been set up so as to contemplate and comprehend the immediate just as the aberrant effects of a famous partnership named British Petroleum Limited on the biology. In this way, here, a contextual investigation on British Petroleum Limited has been contemplated and dissected in detail so as to discover the issues related with the firm. It has been discovered that the specific organization essentially has three issues. From the outset, result of oil slick on sea environment, furthermore, absence of nature administrations for administering dangers and thirdly, absence of guideline sketch for seeing the reestablishment cost. Motivation behind the Report Contingent upon the gave instance of British Petroleum, it has been seen that the predefined organization isn't fit to quantify its reestablishment cost. Subsequently, the organization breaks down this expense as for money related terms. Furthermore, it has been distinguished that British Petroleum doesn't give a lot of criticalness to the damage it causes to the earth. Furthermore, the organization considers this items that can't be advertised. In this way, British Petroleum should concentrate on the equivalent and measure the worth. It has been discovered that the legislature of the country considers the firm subject to pay fine as it makes hurt the biological system through causing oil slicks, however the organization doesn't depict the absolute harms done by it plainly (Ball 2016). Subsequently, the main expectation of setting up this report is to alarm the firm British Petroleum in regards to the riches done by it to nature. Issues Detected and Consequences Result of oil slick on sea environment Absence of biology administrations for overseeing dangers Absence of guideline sketch for seeing the restoration cost Research Methodology The report for the most part manages the assortment of information from both auxiliary and essential assets, so both essential and optional just as subjective and quantitative investigation will be performed. Telephonic or vis-à-vis meet (subjective examination) and poll overview (quantitative investigation) will be performed here. The auxiliary assets incorporate sites, articles and logical diaries. Downsides and Suppositions So as to gather precise and valid data, analyst will assemble information from the occupants of Gulf Coast where oil slicks happened and representatives of the organization through overview. Regardless, both the staffs and the occupants of the area may flounder to answer the specialist to the review inquiries because of the idea of the exploration (Guthrie and Parker 2014). Conversation Writing Review Consequence of oil slick on sea biological system Oil slicks are a kind of contamination and along these lines all the organizations of the oil area ought to stay alert about this. Be that as it may, British Petroleum doesn't depict the harms it done to nature through oil slicks. Besides, the firm is found to cause more coincidental oil slicks than inadvertent oil slicks. The later example of spill happens unintentionally and therefore it is named thus, however the previous kind happens because of the inconsiderateness, carelessness and numbness of the representatives and the board of British Petroleum. Both the kinds of oil slicks influence the sea biological system (condition) straightforwardly and this has leaded to increment in death rate in marine environment. Subsequently, the organization should pay the cleanup sum and fine charged by the legislature, yet BP Limited expects to cover all the harms done by it to the natural riches (Dull, Schleifer and McMillan 2015). It has been discovered that biological harm estimation just a s recognition is troublesome, so the enterprise estimates it as for money related worth. Absence of environment administrations for overseeing dangers The partners of British Petroleum completely trust on the organization with respect to its ethical principles and moral gauges, so it should put ventures forward for improvement of the natural and social riches (Henderson et al. 2015). Moreover, British Petroleum ought to observe all the bookkeeping norms of the earth for making it a dependable association for the partners. These principles will help the company to broaden a solid connection between the association, condition and biological system. Absence of guideline sketch for seeing the reestablishment cost It is a typical factor that the greater part of the associations of oil and oil industry break their punishment or fines by the utilization of political dealing. Be that as it may, the utilization of the political dealing approach doesn't assist the firm with recovering all the harms done by it to the environment. In this manner, the association British Petroleum ought to infer any procedure balanced structure so as to determine all the dangers related with its tasks. Besides, it tends to be said that this specific procedure is considered as the necessary one for each firm of the specific area. It has been discovered that the incidental oil slicks for the most part emerge due to crash of imperious activity as this outcomes into highlighted accounts (Molisa 2014). The disclosed information of a firm is significant for the administration office as it helps in evaluating the undertaking point for restoration cost. Subsequently, absence of guideline sketch may influence the company contr arily, particularly during the time spent distinguishing restoration cost, so the referenced methodology is significant for each association of the oil and oil area. Techniques for the Research Process Procedure of Research In this examination work, the analyst will actualize essential research process just as optional research strategy. In this way, from both the essential and auxiliary assets, the analyst will assemble information for better investigation. In this manner, the scientist will focus on the individuals who live in Gulf Coast and the laborers of BP Limited for performing poll study. Likewise, optional information will be assembled from the auxiliary sources (like sites, diaries and articles). Test Size The analyst will gather data from a fixed example size of 50 workers and 150 inhabitants of Gulf Coast and this example will be chosen arbitrarily. Determination Principle The determination of the examples should be possible through different strategies, be that as it may, in this work, Probability Sampling Technique will be utilized. Conversation and Analysis of Data Outcome of oil slick on sea environment There are different sorts of oil slicks that for the most part happen because of the action of the association British Petroleum and the rates of happening different sorts are demonstrated as follows: Figure 1: Various examples of Oil Spills and Their Occurrence Percentage (Source: Bp.com 2017) Furthermore, it has been discovered that because of expanded level of event of oil slicks, the death pace of the marine biological system has likewise been expanded perceptibly. Absence of biology administrations for administering dangers It has been discovered that the oil slicks significantly influence the sea environment as different sorts of spills occur on a short interim of time. These are: Figure 2: Main Accidental Spills (Source: Baker and Burlaud 2015) According to the information gathered from Gulf, it has been came to realize that the oil slicks mainly influence the sea biological system, deepwater however it likewise influence different pieces of the earth. Figure 3: Influence of Spills (Source: Freeman et al. 2014) Absence of guideline sketch for seeing the reestablishment cost With the progression of time, the interest just as the flexibly of the oil expanded, yet the workforce, quantities of staffs and contractual workers began to diminish as the event of oil slicks of the firm began to increment. Besides, the data with respect to the financial plan of Deepwater Horizon has been gathered from the associations representatives and it very well may be upgraded through the accompanying outline: Figure 4: Financial Plan of Deepwater Horizon (Source: Bp.com 2017) Then again, the reestablishment cost can be better clarified through the accompanying pie diagram: Figure 5: Lack of Regulation Sketch (Source: Bp.com 2017) Precision of Data Here, authentic data has been gathered from both the sorts of assets (auxiliary and essential) and the members of research review can keep trust on the scientist of the undertaking as the assembled information won't be disclosed. End and Recommendation It tends to be inferred that British Petroleum should keep notice on the harms done by it the earth and should actualize the bookkeeping guidelines of condition. Besides, fines paid by the firm to the administration are insufficient for improving the mischief cause to the environment. References Bread cook, C.R. also, Burlaud, A., 2015. The authentic development from bookkeeping hypothesis to applied system in monetary norms setting.The CPA Journal,85(8), p.54. Ball, R., 2016. Why We Do International Accounting Research.Journal of International Accounting Research,15(2), pp.1-6. Bp.com. 2017.Bp.com. [online] Available at: https://www.bp.com [Accessed 18 Jan. 2017]. Deegan, C., 2013.Financial bookkeeping hypothesis. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Dull, R.B., Schleifer, L.L. furthermore, McMillan, J.J., 2015. Accomplishment objective hypothesis: the relationship of bookkeeping understudies objective directions with self-adequacy, tension, and achievement.Accounting Education,24(2), pp.152-174. Freeman, R.J., Shoulders, C.D., Allison, G.S., Smith Jr, G.R. furthermore, Becker, C.J., 2014. Administrative and philanthropic bookkeeping: Theory and practice.JPAEJOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS EDUCATION VOLUME 20 NUMBER 3, p.441. Guthrie, J. furthermore, D. Parker, L., 2014. The worldwide bookkeeping scholastic: what counts!.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,27(1), pp.2-14. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. also, Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in budgetary bookkeeping. Pearson Higher Education AU. Molisa, P.B.M., 2014. Representing apoc

Power Storage for the National Grid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Black Men and Public Space in America - 1804 Words

Black Men and Public Space: An Agent of Change African-American men and white men are born and raised within the continental U.S.; each of their own faculty empowered to change the social injustice of a society. The innate qualities of the African American do not compare to those of the white man, yet - â€Å"empowered† they are with character. The foundation for the concept –â€Å"character† is best defined as â€Å"holistic,† meaning of physical, mental and social qualities – A. Adler’s school of thought, as well as A. Maslow and C. Rogers’ thoughts –â€Å"[a]n equal human being†¦ cognitive, emotional, and volitional† (Ambrus, 33 -34) Jennifer Ritterhouse, author of Growing Up Jim Crow: How Black and White Southern Children Learned Race, explains that†¦show more content†¦This upward mobility is described by Marlon B. Ross in the article, Manning the Race: Reforming Black Men in the Jim Crow Era; persona â€Å"[a]s a reactive identity overdetermined by the hegemony of white masculinity or as a parallel, if marginalized, cultural formation mimetically patterned on white masculinity.† (Clarke, 456) Staples’ behavior resembles a person who is projecting himself in the direction of upward mobility. The difference is that, unlike the white man, Staples says that he â€Å"[t]akes precautions to make [himself] less threatening.† (231) A parallel to Staples’ upward mobility is a typical young white man at high school projecting masculinity. Related to it is upward mobility mastery in a study by Nicolas W. Proctor. In June 2007, at South West High School in Minneapolis, MN, the counselor for students H-Z had stepped out of his office. Since he was out and the door was open, I waited in his office for him to return. The second person to enter the room was a young ethnic student; she sat down beside me. 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The History and Career of Smokey the Bear

Smokey Bear came to us by necessity. At the beginning of World War II, Americans feared that an enemy attack or sabotage could destroy our forest resources at a time when wood products were greatly needed. In the spring of 1942, a Japanese submarine fired shells onto an oil field in Southern California near Los Padres National Forest. Government officials were relieved that the shelling did not start a forest fire but were determined to provide protection. The USDA Forest Service organized the Cooperative Forest Fire Prevention (CFFP) Program in 1942. It encouraged citizens nationwide to make a personal effort to prevent forest fires. It was a mobilized civilian effort in support of the war effort to protect valuable trees. Timber was a primary commodity for battleships, gunstocks, and packing crates for military transport. Character Development Walt Disneys Bambi character was very popular and was used on an initial anti-fire poster. The success of this poster demonstrated that an animal of the forest was the best messenger to promote the prevention of accidental forest fires. On August 2, 1944, the Forest Service and the War Advertising Council introduced a bear as their campaign symbol.​ Albert Staehle, noted illustrator of animals, worked with this description to paint the forest fire prevention bear. His art appeared in the 1945 campaign, and the advertising symbol was given the name Smokey Bear. The bear was named Smokey after Smokey Joe Martin, who was Assistant Chief of the New York City Fire Department from 1919 to 1930. Rudy Wendelin, an artist for the Forest Service, began producing a tremendous quantity of Smokey Bear art in various media for special events, publications, and licensed products to promote the fire prevention symbol. Long after retiring, he created the art for the Smokey Bears 40th anniversary commemorative U.S. Postage stamp. Many within the Forest Service still acknowledge Wendelin as being the true Smokey Bear artist. The Ad Campaign After World War II, the War Advertising Council changed its name to The Advertising Council. In the years that followed, the focus of Smokeys campaign broadened to appeal to children as well as adults. But it was not until the 1965 campaign and the work of Smokey artist Chuck Kuderna that Smokeys image evolved into the one we know today. The Smokey Bear concept has matured into a cottage industry of collectibles and educational material on fire prevention. One of the most popular Smokey products is a set of posters known as his educational poster collection. The Real Smokey Bear Smokey Bears living history began early in 1950 when  a burned cub survived a fire in the Lincoln National Forest near Capitan, New Mexico. Because this bear survived a terrible forest fire and won the love and imagination of the American public, many people mistakenly believe the cub was the original Smokey Bear but, in reality, he did not come along until the advertising symbol was almost six years old. After being nursed back to health, Smokey came to live at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. as a living counterpart to the CFFP Programs fire prevention symbol. Over the years, thousands of people from around the world came to see Smokey Bear at the National Zoo. A mate, Goldie, was introduced with the hope a young Smokey would continue the tradition of the famous living symbol. These efforts failed and an adopted son was sent to the zoo so the aged bear could retire on May 2, 1975. After many years of popularity, the original Smokey died in 1976. His remains were returned to Capitan and rest beneath a stone marker in Smokey Bear Historical State Park. For more than 15 years, the adopted Smokey carried on as the living symbol, but in 1990, when the second Smokey Bear died, the living symbol was laid to rest. Smokeys Detractors Smokey Bears task is becoming increasingly difficult. In years past, it was a challenge for his message to reach traditional visitors to the forest. Now we are faced with getting his wildfire prevention message to an increasing number of people who live in and around these areas. But Smokey the Bear may have done too good a job. There are some who suggest that we have eliminated fire to the point that it is hurting not only forest management but is building fuels for future fire disaster. They dont want Smokeys message out anymore. Charles Little, in an editorial called Smokeys Revenge, states that in many circles the bear is a pariah. Even at the National Zoo in Washington DC, which tends to be inclusive, the popular Smokey Bear exhibit was quietly dismantled in 1991 - after having featured since 1950 a bear going by this name (involving two separate animals). The point is, Smokeys ecological correctness quotient is low, as an increasing number of forest ecologists have been pointing out in recent years. We anthropomorphize at our peril. Another good essay was written by Jim Carrier for High Country News. It gives a humorous but somewhat cynical view of Smokey. He does not sugar-coat and offers a very entertaining piece called  An Agency Icon at 50. This is a must read! Adapted from USDA Forest Service Publication FS-551 The Real Smokey Bear Smokey Bears living history began early in 1950, when a burned cub survived a fire in the Lincoln National Forest near Capitan, New Mexico. Because this bear survived a terrible forest fire and won the love and imagination of the American public, many people mistakenly believe the cub was the original Smokey Bear, but in reality he did not come along until the advertising symbol was almost six years old. After being nursed back to health, Smokey came to live at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., as a living counterpart to the CFFP Programs fire prevention symbol. Over the years, thousands of people from around the world came to see Smokey Bear at the National Zoo. A mate, Goldie, was introduced with the hope a young Smokey would continue the tradition of the famous living symbol. These efforts failed and an adopted son was sent to the zoo so the aged bear could retire on May 2, 1975. After many years of popularity, the original Smokey died in 1976. His remains were returned to Capitan and rest beneath a stone marker in Smokey Bear Historical State Park. For more than 15 years, the adopted Smokey carried on as the living symbol, but in 1990, when the second Smokey Bear died, the living symbol was laid to rest. Smokeys Detractors Smokey Bears task is becoming increasingly difficult. In years past, it was a challenge for his message to reach traditional visitors to the forest. Now we are faced with getting his wildfire prevention message to an increasing number of people who live in and around these areas. But Smokey the Bear may have done too good a job. There are some who suggest that we have eliminated fire to the point that it is hurting not only forest management but is building fuels for future fire disaster. They dont want Smokeys message out anymore. Charles Little, in an editorial called Smokeys Revenge, states that in many circles the bear is a pariah. Even at the National Zoo in Washington DC, which tends to be inclusive, the popular Smokey Bear exhibit was quietly dismantled in 1991 - after having featured since 1950 a bear going by this name (involving two separate animals). The point is, Smokeys ecological correctness quotient is low, as an increasing number of forest ecologists have been pointing out in recent years. We anthropomorphize at our peril. Another good essay was written by Jim Carrier for High Country News. It gives a humorous but somewhat cynical view of Smokey. He does not sugar-coat and offers a very entertaining piece called An Agency Icon at 50. This is a must read! Adapted from USDA Forest Service Publication FS-551

Article Critique Quality Of Dying Of Patients - 1498 Words

Article Critique: Quality of Dying of Patients Jessica Jorge West Coast University Abstract The current article critique dissects a research undertaken by Goodridge, Duggleby, Gjevre, and Rennie (2009) and published in the Journal of Nursing in Critical Care. Their research was a mixed method approach centered on exploring the quality of dying of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the intensive care unit. Keywords: nursing, critical care, COPD, ICU, quality of dying Research Problem/Purpose The article by Goodridge et al., (2009) sought to address the problem of inadequate research on the quality of end-of-life care for patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), who are frequently admitted and die in critical care units. The title of the article is clear and appropriate within the context of critical nursing care. In addition, the research problem has been clearly identified and the abstract precise, representative of the research topic, and in the correct form. The purpose of the article is clear both in the Abstract and Introduction sections, where the authors point out that their intentions were two-fold. One, to ascertain the perspectives of critical care providers in the quality of dying patients admitted for COPD, and two, to compare how nurses rate the quality of death and dying between patients from other critical care units and those in the COPD unit. Notably, the investigatorsShow MoreRelatedQuantitative Research Critique1540 Words   |  7 PagesThis critique reviewed a quantitative study based upon palliative care and how it met emotional or spiritual needs of the families of patients with serious illnesses. The critique used eight criteria to analyze the quantitative study. 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Retrieved November 6, 2015. This article sets out the most vital and most recurrently adduced arguments for and against euthanasia. Each subdivision takes as its root, one aspect of the discussion. For example, autonomy and the inviolability of life, designating how it is probable to argue both for and against euthanasia, correspondingly, on the basis of the identical facet. It suggests â€Å"The account will include suchRead MoreEssay Physician-Assisted Suicide and Free Will2459 Words   |  10 Pagesoften support by the affirmation of patient free will or as the exercise of patient autonomy. The purpose of this paper is to examine this argument further from an inter-disciplinary approach, regarding PAS from medical, ethical and legal standpoints and to examine the concept of free will from the philosophical discipline. Are these concepts compatible in a meaningful context and can a sound argument be constructed to support PAS on the basis of patient free will? Derek Humphry, in LawfulRead MoreHow Can We Feel For Something That Does Not Exist? Essay2298 Words   |  10 Pagesand Radford in order to illustrate that the argument is unsound, and therefore not a paradox. Whilst the ontology of fictitious things has been discussed since the beginnings of Philosophy, Radford first suggested the ‘Paradox of Fiction’ in his article ‘How Can We be Moved by the Fate of Anna Karenina?’ The conclusion of the paradox leads to a contradiction of beliefs, drawn from premises which appear to be both true and not true at the same time. The basic paradox is presented below, although variousRead MoreHow Can We Feel For Something That Does Not Exist? Essay2436 Words   |  10 Pagesand Radford in order to illustrate that the argument is unsound, and therefore not a paradox. Whilst the ontology of fictitious things has been discussed since the beginnings of Philosophy, Radford first suggested the ‘Paradox of Fiction’ in his article ‘How Can We be Moved by the Fate of Anna Karenina?’ (â€Å"Paradox of Fiction†). The conclusion of the paradox leads to a contradiction of beliefs, drawn from premises which appear to be both true and not true at the same time. The basic paradox is presented

National Culture in Labor Market

Question: An HRM has to deal with such changes systematically and efficiently and motivate the employees to work to and achieve the desired goals of the organization. Answer: Introduction: It has been observed from past years that due to globalization business transactions are increasing along with initializing new markets like BRIC, some international and domestic level organizations intense competition has also been observed with increased interest and it will invoke requirement for HRM studies. The report will focus on addressing configuration of human resource management on different national contexts. This report focus on the approaches of culture with regard to labor market and employment data of two countries Singapore and America, also examines about cultural and social tradition of both the countries with regard to their impact upon development of employment relations and HR practices in Singapore and America respectively. In the report we also review cultural conceptualizations of both the countries and describe mechanisms due to which culture can influences in the human resource management design. Each country has its own culture which will affect the working of the organizations and will also decides the HRM policy and strategy regarding to human resource planning i.e. recruitment, selection and retention methods and strategies. Report discusses the strategies regarding to training cultures in Singapore and America and management of training and development. There is evidence that according to the culture strategies related to HRM also differs. There are various elements both internal and external to the organization that directly or indirectly affects the business enterprise and the employees of the company in each country. There are rapid changes in the society or the external environment like technological changes or sometimes climatically change. An HRM has to deal with such changes systematical ly and efficiently and motivate the employees to work to and achieve the desired goals of the organization. National Context: Singapore: Singapore community is very diverse having four official languages. They use English as their official language for business and politics. Their societys structure is built upon fundamental values like respect, honesty and group harmony and same applied over in business by Singapore people as their organizations are very group specific. Human resource is the greater resource of the country (Barnard and Rodgers, 2000). Structural changes in Singapores labor market: I had been observed that due to structural changes in the labor market of Singapore prior to 1997 financial crises in Asia, rate of job vacancies get higher than the rate of unemployment in Singapore (Mills, 2003). However from 1997 unemployed people had persistently outstripped as compare to the vacancies and this gap had increased since then and unemployment rate increased from 2% to 5.2% in 2003 (Chew, 2004). In 2007, due to the strong growth this declining unemployment rate somewhat get stable to 3% ( Chew and Teo, 2008) which is fluctuating but remained same up to 2010 and gradually trending downward from then. This can be happened due to the package introduces for increasing the workers employability through heavily subsidized training and retraining programs and this will help in retaining the workers. In order to increase their growth Singapore welcome d various multinational companies and their cooperation has been used to improve the human resources in the country (Chew and Goh, 1997). The country is mostly depends on foreign investment in terms of indorsing training program and facilities to promote them through incentives (Tan, 2004). As a result of this from last two decade, due to the formal on-job training system, human resource in Singapore had vast improvement in their skills. National Culture in Singapore: Singapore is known as industrialized nation in Southeast Asia and was also achieved great success in economies. But it is the fact that its cultural tradition still plays important role in all business activities. According to Hofstede (1984) Singapores national culture experience high power distance and in this cultural there are strong inequality between leaders and their subordinates. This country also known as nanny state there people are habitual and supposed to perform only the told work not else. People have Kiasu mentality means uncertainty avoidance attitude and have fear of losing (Thangavelu et al, 2011). This attitude is often competitive and emphasize towards getting the best deal for individual. But except from competitiveness, Kiasu attitude lead more towards fear of losing than desire to success. Singapores prosperity have underpinned by common norms and values which contain the tripartism practices, national unity and harmony in racial and religious perspectives (McC arthy, Mitchell and Piggott, 2002). It has been observed that the countrys many business activities has been influenced by Chinese population. But in current year it is observed that societies in Singapore are getting shape by western values and their younger generations are influenced by western culture. An HRM has to balance between the internal problems and external problems of the environment. The external environment comprises of the working condition taking place outside the organization. The external environment has significant effect on the working of HRM (Hui, 2010). America: As a result of globalization and rapid changes in technologies America which is known as worlds largest economy also faces increased competitive pressure in HRM development. Due to this pressure organizations in this country enhanced concern relating to engagement is strategic planning which is a process of anticipation in future changes due to business environment situation (Applebaum and Henderson, 1992). Business components are aligned in such a way that it will promote the effectiveness of organization. Labor Market flow: It is concluded from the evidence that American labor markets flexibility have become less while looking in broader sense. Organizations in America are focusing on competitiveness and HR department contributed up to the bottom line in this context and for MNCs performance of HR department is evaluated against the establishments of the parent company (Beechler and Yang, 1994). Companies in America are fast in decision making and leaders gives freedom to their subordinates so that, they can talk their ideas and great ideas are taken into consideration. It shows that hierarchical system is not popular in America, but also has some error due to adaptation of this system. Roles and responsibilities are divided individually and hence performance of each member is very important in team as it directly linked to companys goal (Abramson, Keating and Lane, 1996). Company in America believes in Return On Investment and do not concern themselves on how it is going to be achieved and also spend t heir less time on process establishments. Americans have high risk taking attitudes, once they took the work though there is 70% probability of work accomplishment; they achieve it as close to 100%. American organizations have multiculturalism as they have different nationalities and it improves their business as they have plenty of ways to think. Corporate Culture: As compare to any other culture Americans give less preference to personal relationship while it come to business approach, they took business first. Americans always try to invest in those companies where they think higher value of profit than lowest price (Tayeb, 1998). They always believe in being direct, i.e. they are not believed in confusing the terms. Their Yes means yes and No means no and may be termed as the person have not decided yet on the deal. They always want to come straight to the point and the way impress them is explaining why product or service is best in understandable way. According to Hofstede (1984) American culture does not believe in power distance, as we talk above, there is no hierarchical culture and leader treat subordinates equally and their ideas are also taken in to consideration. Another cultural dimension of Hofstede is uncertainty avoidance. Americans do believe in taking risk in business and they can prove their decision true, though the probabil ities are less. This is the part of attitude of the people and hence human resource power is more in American business and organizational culture. Manager and HR Policy Recruitment methods: In order to search and hire appropriate and qualified employees for particular job role us very important process and at the same time using appropriate channel are vital. Companies in Singapore and America use different methods in order to recruit best candidates for their companies. The methods like online advertisement, professional associated advertising and print media advertising are used as per the job role requirement (Arudsothy and Littler, 1993). Online advertising is most cost effective method and it is also possible to reach towards more people through internet advertising. It is also the easer as well as faster response producing method in comparison with the other traditional methods. To find the potential jobs Singapores job seeker using this channel mostly is found through the survey (Begin, 1995). Professional Association Advertising method is used to recruit well qualified candidates for very significant job role. Such candidates are sourced through placements which are company specific and hence have high educational qualifications, key technical skills in comparison with the candidates recruited from non-professional channels (Castells, 1992). Print Media Advertisement is traditional way of recruiting and it also reach towards large people. The companies having less developed brand uses this method. It is not fair to discard the importance of traditional method though online advertisement is utilized by more people. Selection methods: For selecting highest performing and well qualified candidates amongst the applied applicant various selection methods are used. Such methods are used to select the candidates from either large or small intake. The process will start from first reviewing resumes and applicant forms of the applicants and most of the applicants are getting disqualified if their resumes do not meet the requirement of job role. Next method used is testing of skills the short listed candidates then go through further test like personality testing, skills testing, and testing of essential skill required for job role. Next is Cognitive testing and Singapores norm online tests are used under this selection method and are also high validity method (Choi, 1995). Then the common selection method is through personal interviews. It is an effective method as the candidates are getting selected on the basis of their knowledge, because through various interview questions their knowledge is keenly tested. The intervi ew questions are depends on the job role and knowledge required for the position. Motivation and Retention Strategies: Employees have the capacity to work but many of them not have a desire to work willingly. The organizational manager helps employees to work freely, capably, efficiently and passionately and this is when the employees contribute their best to the achievement of goals of the organization. A Manager can buy employees physical presence in your work place but he can never buy his willingness to work (Deyo, 1992). It is rightly said that human beings have great potential but they use only a part of it when working, efficiently and contribute their best to the organization. Motivation is an internal state that energizes activities of humans which directs them towards achievement of objectives (Dore, 1973). It is a series of actions in which people are inspired to take action to achieve desired goals. Motivation can also be called as a will power to work and achieve goals of the business enterprise. Hence with the above explanation in general term means drives, wishes, want and alike forces. We say that a manger motivates his subordinates then it means that he will satisfy theses drives and desires and induces which he hopes, will satisfy these drives and desires and induces subordinates to act in the desired manner. Pay and reward strategies: Rewarding the employees does not mean just increasing the salaries but to motivate the employees in real manner it is vital to find right reward program (Tan, 2004). It is essential for strategic direction on any business and also defines unique work culture of an organization. The reward program is depend on level of total reward affordable to an organization, also the reward program is key to get competitive advantage, better to focus on staff which must win battles. Recognizing the good work done by the employee, small celebration of particular employees achievement achievements, taking employees views on some project is also good for employees motivation and also considered as reward by employees. American society has change the pattern and behavior of education because more females are getting into higher education. Human resource development also helps in understanding what exactly the organizational goals are and what type of candidates and employees will fulfill the companys requirements. It is the job of the human resource manager to help and motivate the employees with which they both will be in win-win situation and the employees are equally enthusiastic about their work (Frenkel, 1993). They should also support the work culture of the organization they are working with. Training, Culture and management: It is the duty of the manager to understand his core job and to make it understand to his subordinates this will help him to analyze his job and to relate it to the potential of the human being or his employees. It will also help the manager to identify the skills required for the profile which will make him understand whether to hire skilled, experience or fresher for that particular job profile. It will help the manager to identify the compensation that is to be paid to the employee. It will also briefly define what exactly the training and development should the employee or the candidate should go through for better performance. Thus the manager will understand whether the candidate needs some special certification or he is well qualified for the job. If the manager hires experienced candidate it will incur less expenditure in training and quality purpose (Endo, 1999). After doing certain type of examination internally it will help the human resource department to judge the candid ate and to select the best. It will also help to decide what type of quality candidate is best suited for the profile. In todays generation female workers are preferred but still gender equality exits in the society and in the organization. Male employees tend to earn higher than the female employees. Interest copulation issues are main factor in decreasing the skillfulness of women at workplace (Endo, 1976). In show to dodge get in productivity amongst women pinch and also to hoard their push level so that they perform a given task to best of their capabilities is important that organization takes suitable steps in this regards and also frame suitable policies. About conduct requirement suit breeding to its guild, supervisors and administering people at different levels on how to decrease this discrimination along with bringing harmony at workplace and increasing overall motivational level of employees at workplace (Fay, 1996). Power, Scope and Influence of managers: A human resource manager has to work under multifarious pressures. There are various elements both inside and outside the organization that directly or indirectly affect the business enterprise and the employees of the company. There are rapid changes in the society or the external environment like technological changes or sometimes climatically change. An HRM has to deal with such changes systematically and efficiently and motivate the employees to work to and achieve the desired goals of the organization. An HRM has to balance between the internal problems and external problems of the environment. The external environment comprises of the working condition taking place outside the organization. External environment of the organization is an important part and factor in the nature of human resource management. Balance scorecard is a method which is used by human resource managers to measure the performance of the employees. They can use this to measure only the quality and quantity performance but it is not possible for them to measure the satisfaction of the employees. Human resource managers should use various employee engagement programs and functions where they can have an open house discussion and take a feel of employee satisfaction level. They should try to make their employees as comfortable as they can at their work place. The major areas which need to develop in todays human resource management are the attrition rate. Human resource management in todays organization needs to concentrate on attrition rate of the employees. The organization should treat the employee as their asset and not their liability. The organizations should value the employees and show them how important every employee is to the organization. The company should involve various techniques in their organization which will make the employee value himself and view the organization as their long term goal. Human resource management is defined as organizing, directing, planning and controlling. This department takes care of all the functions related to welfare of the staff and employee. Conclusion: In this report first we discussed about the managerial choices gets shape due to cultural values across the national context in Singapore and America and how they differ in respect to human resource practices. It is also get clear from the report that cultural factors according to the country can only serve as one among the several characteristics and it influenced by the human resource practices and policies as per the contexts. We also explain how cultural sources in both countries effects and describes mechanism which affect HRM design. The report also observes that social pressure is related to employees working in the organization and they differ country wise. It is related with the attitudes and behavior of the employees. The employees should be properly motivated in order to attain the goals of the organization. If they are not properly motivated they wont function properly and hence unable to achieve the goals. Important business strategy of any organization in any country is to integrate the management of human resources with its investigation in order to get competitive advantage. It has been concluded from the report that countries like Singapore are influenced by their national factors, and many times those factors and cultural influences are become big hinders in terms of developing HRM practices in those countries. Changes are formed due to globalization impacts and human resource management is considered as a business partner and essential for business establishment. This report talks about America and Singapore, where the human resource management practices are considered as getting influenced by countries tradition and culture. Reference List: Barnard, M. E., Rodgers, R. A. 2000. How are internally oriented HRM policies related to high-performance work practices? Evidence from Singapore. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(6), 1017-1046. Accessed on 26 Jan 2015 Mills, C. 2003.Performance Management - Under The Microscope. Singapore Human Resource Institute. Accessed on 26 Jan 2015 Chew, I. 2004. Human Resource Practices in Singapore: A Survey of Local Firms and MNCs.Asia Pacific HRM, 29, 30-38. Accessed on 26 Jan 2015 Chew, I. Teo, A. 2008. Human resource practices in Singapore: a survey of local firms and MNCs.Asia Pacific Human Resource Management, 29(1), 30-8. Accessed on 26 Jan 2015 Chew, I., Goh, M. 1997. Some future directions of human resource practices in Singapore.Career Development International, 2(5), 238-247 Thangavelu, S.; Haoming, L.; Cheolsung, P.; Heng, A.B.; Wong, J. 2011. The determinants of training participation in Singapore, Applied Economics, 43(29), pp. 4641-4649. McCarthy, D.; Mitchell, O.S.; Piggott, J. 2002. Asset Rich and Cash Poor: Retirement Provision and Housing Policy in Singapore, Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, 1(3), pp.197-222. Hui W.T. 2010. Rethinking Singapore Social Safety Net, Singapore Economic Policy Forum. Singapore. Accessed on 26 Jan 2015 Tan, C. H. 2004.Human Resource Management in Asia. Singapore: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Tan, C. H. Torrington, D. 2004.Human Resource Management in Asia. Singapore: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Accessed on 26 Jan 2015 Wan, D. 2003 HRM in Singapore: change and continuity.Asia Pacific Business Review,9(4), 129-146. Yuen, C. 1998, HRM under guided economic development: the Singapore experience, in Rowley, C. (Eds),Human Resource Management in the Asia-Pacific Region: Convergence Questioned.Frank Cass, London, 133-51. Autor, D.H.; Katz, L.F.; Kearney, M.S. 2006, The Polarization of the U.S. Labor Market, American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 96(2), May, 189 - 194. Accessed on 26 Jan 2015 Beechler, S., Yang, J. Z. 1994. The transfer of Japanese-style management to American subsidiaries: Contingencies, constraints, and competencies. Journal of International Business Studies, 25(3), 467-491. Abramson, N., Keating, R., Lane, H. W. 1996. Cross-national cognitive process differences: A comparison of Canadian, American and Japanese Managers. Management International Review, 36, 123-148. Tayeb, M. 1998. Transfer of HRM practices across cultures: An American company in Scotland. International Journal of Human Resource Management 9(2), 332-358. Applebaum, R. P. and Henderson, J. eds., 1992, States and Development in the Pacific Rim, London: Sage. Arudsothy, P. and Littler, C. R., 1993, 'State Regulation and Union Fragmentation in Malaysia', in Frenkel, S. ed., pp.107-130. Begin,J. B., 1995, 'Singapore'sIndustrialRelations System', inFrenkel and Harrod eds., pp.64-87. Castells, M., 1992, 'Four Asian Tigers with a Dragon Head: a Comparative Analysis of the State, Economy, and Society in the Asian Pacific Rim', in Applebaumand Henderson eds., pp.33-70. Choi, K., 1995, Labor Policies in Korea, Seoul: Korea Labor Institute. Deyo, F. C., 1989, Beneath the Miracle: Labor Subordination in the New Asian Industrialism, Berkeley: University of California Press. Deyo, F. C., 1992, 'The Political Economy of Social Policy Formation: East Asian's Newly Industrialized Countries', in Applebaum and Henderson eds., pp.289-306. Dore, R., 1973, British Factory and Japanese Factory, London: George Allen and Unwin. Endo, M., 1999, Koyo seisaku no shin tenkai to koyo hoken New Development of Employment Policy and Employment Security, Tokyo: Kindai rodo keizai kenkyukai. Endo, M., 1976, Kanzen koyo seisaku no riron to jissen Theory and Practice of Full Employment Policy, Tokyo: Rimu gyosei kenkyujo. Endo, M., 1985, Koyo seisaku no shin tenkai New Development of Employment Policy, Tokyo: Kindai rodo keizai kenkyukai. Fay, R. G., 1996, Enhancing the Effectiveness of Active Labour Market Policies: Evidence from Programme Evaluations in OECD Countries, Labour Market and Social Policy Occasional Papers, No.18, Paris: OECD. Frenkel, S. ed., 1993, Organized Labor in the Asia-Pacific Region, Ithaca: ILR Press. Frenkel, S. and Harrod, J. eds., 1995, Industrialization and Labor Relations: Contemporary Research in Seven Countries, Ithaca: ILR Press. Harada, T., 1983, Singaporu no rodo jijo Labour Situation in Singapore, Tokyo: The Japan Institute of Labour. Hayashi, K., 1995, 'Kankoku no rodo hosei Labour Law Legislation in Korea', Kikan Rodoho Quarterly Journal of Labour Law, No.174 Winter 1995, pp.19-37. Accessed on 26 Jan 2015 Henderson, J. and Applebaum, R. P., 1992, 'Situating the State in the East Asian Development Process', in Applebaum and Henderson eds., pp.1-26. Accessed on 26 Jan 2015 Heller, P. 1997, Aging in the Asian Tigers: Challenges for Fiscal Policy, IMF Working Paper, WP/97/143, Washington, D. C.: IMF. Accessed on 26 Jan 2015

Huck Finn theme essay Essay Example

Huck Finn theme essay Paper Twain uses Husks journey to overcome societal pressure and his efforts to formulate his own idea of morality, to exemplify the importance of autonomy rather than conformity. The dangers of succumbing to the standards of society prevents us from doing what we know is right and instead makes us sheep rather than individuals. In the sass, there was a common attitude of hatred toward blacks, clearly illustrated In Paps drunken rant addressing slaves rights to vote, why anti this [slave] put up at auction and sold (27). Twains use of Paps dragged on rant reveals the demeaning view of blacks as property rather than human beings. This strong opposition to their voting privileges greatly reflects the views of many Americans against abolition during this time period, displaying the Ignorance and racism exhibited by most people. When Houck began traveling with Jim, a runaway slave, he had promised to keep quiet about Jims escape from his master. In the back of his mind, however, he worried that people would call [him] a low-down abolitionist and despise [him] for keeping mum (43). This line in the novel further emphasizes the abomination of protecting a slave in this society. Blinded by the racism and reception of blacks as inferior, people viewed abolitionists as [slave]-lovers; this being the worst title someone could possibly have during this period in time. Though Houck was willing to be Jims partner on their Journey, he still thought about the consequences of his decision and how It would damage him socially. During Houck and Jims Journey down the river, the two were able to create a special bond that allowed Houck to see slaves In a way he was never able to before. We will write a custom essay sample on Huck Finn theme essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Huck Finn theme essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Huck Finn theme essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Following several instances of playing tricks on Jim, Houck realized the degree of these inconsiderate ranks. Seeing the sadness and disappointment in Jims eyes, he exclaimed l wouldnt done it if I knew it would make him feel that way (87). Husks eyes opened to the fact that slaves really do have feelings. Jims reaction to the ordeal sparked a feeling of remorse and regret for his poor decision to humiliate his friend. He experiences an emotion he never would have felt if he was back home in SST. Petersburg, where he wouldnt have been able to recognize a situation like this with another slave. When Jim speaks of his children back home and his mission to free his Emily from slavery, Houck responds by thinking, l do believe he cared Just as much for his people as white folks does for theirs (158). By this point in the novel, Houck was able to make connections. In contrast to the common societal beliefs, Houck created a new view that conveyed slaves the same as whites; In the sense that they substantial amount of empathy to come to such conclusions. Husks ability to create these convictions exemplify his growth and development of what he views as morality, steering him away from the things he was raised to believe and formulating individual conceptions. Uniquely, the idea of society and conformity was attacked by Colonel Sherbets in the midst of an angry mob threatening to lynch him in front of his own home. Shrubberys tirade verbally charged at the mobs efforts, declaring, a mob; they dont fight with the courage thats born in them, but the courage thats borrowed from their mass (148). Twain uses this part of Shrubberys speech to suggest that courage is not merely following someone elses cause, but doing what you believe is the right thing. This form of Justice is meant to portray followers of ass as valiant and heroic, but they are really cowardice in the sense that they are not fighting for a cause that they strongly advocate for individually; only conforming in an effort to succumb to societal pressure. Colonel Sherbets continues by Judging the validity of their bravery, amour newspapers call you brave people so much that you think you are brave Whereas you are Just as brave and no braver (148). This particular part of the speech demonstrates the false sense of valor that comes with following societys moral standards. Though it appears that giving into what appears o be right, it isnt always necessarily correct. It is our own views of morality that aid us in determining right from wrong, not the mind of a larger body. By following the influence of other people t hat all believe the same thing, were unable to progress as individuals and compose our own morals. Notably, Husks personal conflict regarding whether to turn Jim in to Ms. Watson or to continue protecting him, addresses the importance of moral independence. Houck fears the will of God, the plain hand of Providence [was] slapping me in the face and letting me know my wickedness was Ewing watched all the time from up there in heaven (214). The reference to God addresses the fear of not only punishment from a social standpoint, but a religious one. By helping a runaway slave, Houck was essentially committing a mortal sin and therefore would eventually be punished for this action by going to hell. This factor ultimately put a strain on his decision mainly because what he believed was the right thing contradicted the word of not only society, but a mightier power that could damn him to hell after death. Following this contemplation, however, Houck ripped up the letter that he planned to turn in to Ms. Watson about Jim, asserting, All right, then, Ill go to hell (215). This quote is essentially the moral climax of the whole novel. Despite society views on slavery and the expectation that runaway slaves should be turned in, Houck came to the conclusion that his moral compass was more important than that of others. This assertiveness was an act of independence, exemplifying that we come to realize that what society does isnt always right. We must depend on ourselves to differentiate right from wrong and make the decisions in the best interests of ourselves and others. Houck broke away from society false perception of eight, which was the demutualization of slaves, and made the decision to help Jim because he saw him as a friend and not as property. Houck valued integrity rather than conformity. Though Houck was brought up in the prejudice of Southern culture, he was able to overcome the pounding pressure of society. Husks decision to follow his own moral compass exemplifies the importance of independence, illustrating that wrong. Twains emphasis on the dangers of overcoming the influences of society in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, show the importance of discovering ourselves as individuals rather than following the masses.

The Womans Role in Politics essays

The Womans Role in Politics essays I believe that the womans role in politics is changing. More women are playing roles in politics, a profession historically restricted to only men. There are more women in high-level government offices than ever before. Ohio is leading the country in its promotion of female political figures. I believe it will continue to be more commonplace to see women in politics, just as it has become less of a surprise to see women at the forefront of other professions that were previously male dominated. Currently women hold 73 of the 535 Congressional seats, a number that equates to 13.6%. This number may seem low State legislatures in the United States have a female proportion of 22.4%. In 2002, women held 27.7%, or 89, of the statewide elected executive offices. The numbers dont slant to the right or to the left. Of the 89 women, 44 are Democrats, 41 are Republican, and four do not associate with either party. The female influence in politics is not an issue that hits far from home. In the state of Ohio, Republican women have made their presence felt. Martha Moore serves as the Vice Chairman of the Ohio Republican Party and she is currently the longest-serving member of the Republican National Committee. Ohio is also proud to be represented by Congresswoman Deborah Price, Lieutenant Governor Maureen OConnor, Supreme Court Justice Evelyn Stratton, and various Columbus city councilwomen. Some analysts believe that gender influences policy attitudes. One method to measure the certainty of this statement is to evaluate the number of women that have led their country. One limit on the ability to be certain about this issue is the fact that relatively few women have led their country. The number is relatively low, but it continues to grow. The number of women that led their respective country in the 1950s was merely four, but that number increased to 11 through the 1970 ...

What did evolution do to our muscles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

What did evolution do to our muscles - Essay Example However, humans do not come close to comparing to chimps’ strength and the percentage points that humans and chimps differ are extreme due significant anatomical and physiological differences. The way in which muscles are attached to bones is different in chimps compared to human, which enables chimps to have enhanced mechanical advantage in both arms and strength. The paper explores why chimps enjoy powerful strength relative to humans. Evolution changes manifest on the genetic levels passed from one generation to another. The changes manifest at the genetic level overtime as the organisms’ genes mutate and/or recombine within diverse ways during reproduction and are passed to future generations. Scientific evidence demonstrates that the physical and behavioral traits shared by humans emanated from apelike ancestors and evolved overtime. Bipedalism remains one of the most prominent human traits highlighting how humans have evolved. Other traits include development of a large and complex brain, capacity for language, and capability to make and utilize tools. Muscle contractions form the basis of movement within a majority of the species (Muehlenbein 137). Chimps are stronger that humans centers on the fact that they do not have closely as many fine control over their muscles. Humans enjoy the capability to d precise things such as operating complex machinery, which necessitates choice of minute sizes of muscle fibers. Hence, humans sacrifice strength over precise control of their muscles. The nervous system exercises significant control over the muscles relative to the chimp muscles. Studies have revealed that chimps have relatively reduced grey matter within their spinal cord compared to humans. Spinal grey matter features a significant amount of nerve cells that link to muscle fibers and control muscle movement. This details the process that allows finer control of the muscles. As a result,

Protein Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Protein - Research Paper Example Results indicated antibacterial activity to be present in pepsin-digested lactoferrin and F2 sample. Thus, purification of lactoferricin obtained through peptic digestion of bovine lactoferrin was accomplished by fractionation of the hydrolysate using cation exchange chromatography. Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein and, as the name suggests, is a constituent of milk. It is also found, to a lesser extent, in various mucosal (exocrine) secretions of mammals that are commonly exposed to normal flora such as tears, nasal exudate, saliva, bronchial mucus, gastrointestinal fluids, cervicovaginal mucus and seminal fluid (Weinberg, 2003). Also, Lf is produced by secondary granules of polymorphonuclear neutrophils for deposition at septic sites. The granular contents of neutrophils can be released into inflammatory fluids after neutrophil death, by what is known as "holocrine secretion". The protein is closely related to transferrin, the iron-transport protein present in the plasma. Lactoferrin is a multifunctional innate-defense protein, known to exert a broad-spectrum primary defense activity against microbes including bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses (Orsi, 2004), and even some antibiotic-resistant pathogens (Wakabayashi et al., 2003). Lf is foun d in high concentrations in breast milk (~3–7 mg/ml) and tear fluid (1–4 mg/ml) (Rogan et al., 2006). Among the many constituents of milk which have revealed antimicrobial activity, lactoferrin exhibits both bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against a wide array of microorganisms, including those causing gastroenteric infections, food poisoning, listeriosis and mastitis (Dionysius et al., 1993). Recently, clinical trials have demonstrated that bovine lactoferrin (bLF) administration can reduce the risk of colon carcinogenesis in humans (Tsuda et al., 2010). A key role of Lf is to scavenge non-protein-bound iron in body

Prisoner Rights Essay Example for Free

Prisoner Rights Essay Of all forms of punishment, the death penalty is by far the most controversial and also the most rarely used. Capital punishment was once almost the only penalty applied to convicted felons. By the time of the American Revolution, the English courts had defined more than 200 felonies, all of which were â€Å"capital offenses†. However, many death penalties were not carried out; instead, offenders were pardoned or banished to penal colonies. Over time, courts and legislatures began to recognize other forms of punishment, such as imprisonment and probation. In the times of the American colonies, capital punishment was used extensively in England and in the early American colonies, as many crimes other than murder resulted in a penalty of death. Corporal punishments, often very brutal, also often resulted in death as the imposition of such torture severely injured the offender. Both torture and executions were often carried out in public, as a deterrent to others. The idea was that if others saw what the punishment was for such a crime, that perhaps the said crime would be prevented from happening altogether. Public executions, however, were ceased in 1936 when several thousand people witnessed the execution by hanging of a black man convicted of raping and murdering a white woman in Kentucky. Prisoner rights are based on a general principle that each prisoner will be deprived of liberty, but will still be entitled to basic human rights. Many advocates for prisoner rights will argue that many prisoners are deprived of the basic human rights. Many people believe that the prisoner should not be entitled to any rights and the only exception to this belief is that the prisoner may not be put to death without a fair trial (Net Industries, 2011). The most common view of society is that a prisoner is sentenced to prison as a way to pay for their crime. Prisoner rights are necessary to avoid violations under the law of the United States. Even though these individuals have committed a crime against the law he/she is still a human being and under the United States laws he/she is still entitled to individual rights on a basic level. It is crucial to be aware of what is a violation under the United States law of a prisoners right. The Eighth Amendment recognizes that a legal precedent for prisoners and acknowledging that prisoners are not exempt from being treated fairly. The Eight Amendment recognizes that the prisoner still has the right to be free from inhumane conditions. The Eight Amendment of the Bill of Rights of the united State Constitution states: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments imposed (Article Myriad, 2010).  For several centuries this amendment did not apply to prisoners, as they were not considered eligible for this right. The main purpose of this amendment is to ensure that the prisoner is treated in fairness and humanely. Many prison systems provide the basics of everyday life to accommodate this Amendment. Some examples of this are toiletry items, food, basic shelter, basic clothing, medical assistance, and minimal recreational options for mental and physical well-being. As the prisons accommodate the Amendment the prisoners are served according to the conditions of the Eight Amendment. Prison can have both positive and negative effects on an inmate. As the prisoner begins his/her sentence the reduction of rights can have positive and negative effects. The positive effects that result can include a chance to learn new ways to conduct themselves behaviorally upon release, rehabilitation for drugs or alcohol, and significant reduction in responsibility of everyday life that cause stress and adverse behaviors. More commonly prisoners will have a negative impact by becoming incarcerated. By having such drastic restrictions in a very short period many behavioral changes can occur. Some of these behaviors include prison talk (altered communication style), increased hostility, violence, gang affiliation, and a gradual disconnect from any societal influences (family, friends, etc.) (Uplink.com, 2010). Another common adverse effect of prison is that of the sudden confinement, which leads to possible psychological detriments, altered self-perceptions, and can exacerbate pre-exiting mental illnesses increasing risks to the well-being of the prisoner (Uplink.com, 2010). There was a common distress among prisoners of feeling as if their rights had been violated by and official of the state or federal systems. In the 1970s-1980s a common lawsuit was pursued called the Section 1983 lawsuit (Burk Foster, 2006, p. 332). It became one of the most influential civil rights litigations of the period and is still pursued to this day. This lawsuit states Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom or usage, of any State or Territory, subjects of causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States of other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges or immunities security by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit at equity, or other proper proceeding for redress.  (Burk Foster, 2006, p. 332). This was often a result of a government official accused of depriving a prisoner of constitutional rights. This has impacted the policies and procedures of contact between government officials and inmates. The implementation of prisoner rights is important, but needs to be limited as the purpose of prison is to punish an individual for wrongdoing against society. If more than the basic human rights are adhered to the prisoner would be receiving no form of punishment, in my opinion. As stated before, prisoner rights are necessary to avoid violations under the law of the United States. Works Cited: Article Myriad. (2010). What Rights Should Prisonerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Have?: An Analysis of Issues Surrounding Prisoner Rights. Retrieved from http://www.articlemyriad.com/31.htm Burk Foster. (2006). Prisonerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Rights. Retrieved from Burk Foster, CJS230-Corrections A World Apart website Chapter 12 Net Industries. (2011). Prison-Prisonersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Rights. Retrieved from http://law.jrank.org/pages/9386/Prison-Prisoners-Rights.html Uplink.com. (2010). The Psychological Effects of Imprisonment. Retrieved from http://www.uplink.comau/lawlibrary/Documents/Docs/Doc82.html

Ancient greek art :: essays research papers

Art of ancient Greece My report is on ancient Greek art mainly sculptures and vase art I will also be writing about a day in the life of a Greek artist. Artists in ancient Greece varied from designing coins, mosaics, gem engravings, architecture, pottery and sculptures. I’m also going to talk about what tools the sculptors used and the various methods used to make pottery and vases. The second part of my report will be about a day in the life of a Greek artist for example how they were treated were they considered middle class, upper class or were they looked down upon also what were their daily tasks, how did they would start their day and end it. The main reason I picked this topic is because art is a very important key to learning about a cultures history and beliefs. Greek art has influenced many other countries especially Rome most of their art and art from the Italian renaissance were copies of original Greek works of art. Sculpture Sculpture is one of the most important parts of Greek art since it is almost the only art form that has survived in some quantity. The ancient Greeks were especially known for their sculpture because their sculptures were extremely life like and beautiful. It was important to the ancient Greeks to combine passion and reason in their sculpture. Greek sculptures were mostly of the human form since they looked at their gods as having a human form. All of the sculptures were nudes of males because society looked down upon female nudity until latter on in time when you started to see sculptures such as the Venus di Milo, which was modeled after Aphrodite (Wikpedia the free encyclopedia. Wikpedia.11 Nov 2004. 12 Nov 2004 http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Greek_art ). One of the most amazing sculptures is the colossus sculpture of Zeus in Olympia it was one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world. Ancient writers said that it stood 12.40 meters high, 6.65 meters long and 9.76 meters deep the b ody of Zeus was made of ivory followed by a robe made of gold topped with a silver olive wreath and his throne was decorated with mythological scenes painted by Panainos and Kolotis the statue itself was created by Phidos. Michael Lahanas. 25 Dec 2002. 11 Nov 2004 (http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Arts/ZeusStatue.htm). Another great sculpture is the colossus Athena Parthenos. This sculpture just like the colossus statue of Zeus was made of gold and ivory and had various mythological engravings in her shield, helmet and pedestal.

Justice with Michel Sandel

Justice with Michel Sandel Silvia Molina University of Texas at El Paso Justice with Michel Sandel Harvard university professor Dr. Michel Sandel introduces two lecture episodes that discuss a number of philosophy related issues. In the first episode â€Å"The Moral Principles† Dr. Sandel begins the lecture with a story of a trolley cart in a path that may lead kill one, or five people. The decision to kill the one person in oppose to five, is left to a show of hands by participating students. The hypothetical scenario he paints in the story is to introduce moral reasoning.The students then participate in a critical thinking discussion to conclude what would be morality correct, whether to kill the one person so that five should live or vise versa. His story quickly unfolds to introduce two moral principles, one being consequentialist moral reasoning and the second is categorical moral reasoning. In the second part of his first lecture, Dr. Sandel discusses a very popular nine teenth century law case involving an ocean stranded crew of four. Sandel proceeds to initiate the discussion of the principles of utilitarian philosopher, Jeremy Bentham.The inauguration of arguments of utilitarianism follows what is discussed in the second episode â€Å"Putting a Price Tag on Life/How to Measure Pleasure†. The lecture in episode two also includes discussions of critical thinking and arguments by the students to support their contrasting views. Part one of the second episode discusses the cost benefit analysis that companies follow to put a price on human life. The second part in episode two introduces British philosopher John Stuart Mill who argues that utilitarian, those who have experienced high pleasure and lower pleasures will desire the higher pleasure.Utilitarianism is further debated in the lectures of Dr. Sandel as he goes in to details showing how utilitarianism plays a large role in everyday life circumstances as well as in economic situations. The Moral Principal Episode part one opens up with Michel Sandel sharing a story about a trolley cart. The story is as follows, a trolley cart is on a deadly path headed to the fatal crash that will kill five people. The wheel on the trolley cart works and can be steered to kill only one person. The students are asked their educated opinions on what is the right thing to do given the circumstances of the story.Most students answered saving five human lives with the expense of one human life would be the right thing to do. When the story is changed by Dr. Sandel and the human that is to save the lives of the five others is murdered the students opinions change. Sandel then proceeds to introduce the two moral principles that take place which are cosequentialist and categorical. Consequential moral reasoning is one that locates morality in the consequences of an act. Categorical locates morality in certain duties and rights. Both these moral principals where greatly debated by the student s. On the second part Dr.Sandel gives a brief introduction to utilitarianism and the British philosopher Jeremy Bentham. It describes Bentham’s view on the balance of pleasure over pain and the belief of the happiness or well being of the greatest number. The real life case presented, describes four sailors that survive after a massive shipwreck and are now fighting for survival at sea. One of the four sailors gets sick and the others decide to kill him to feed of his body. One of the students finds the idea of cannibalism in the case of necessity morally wrong and that it should not justify murder even though it would keep the rest of the three crew men alive.Another student defended the opposing view, by saying that as humans in a situation like such â€Å"we got to do what we have to do to survive†. Other circumstances are debated and the positions of the students change to be morally ok to have eaten the fourth member of the crew to keep the greater good for the gr eater number. In the opposing view some students still believe that it is morally wrong to not value human life as equally as the weaker sailor. The thoughts of this very famous case are the debates of categorical morality and of Bentham’s idea of the greater good for the greater number.Michel Sandel opens the second episode with a brief history on philosopher Jeremy Bentham. Bentham’s views on utilitarianism is that the highest principal of morality whether personal or political it is to maximize the general welfare or utility. Bentham states that we are all governed by pain and pleasure and must find a balance to achieve the greater good for the greatest number. Maximized utility is best attained when all the benefits are added up and all the costs are subtracted and the result is that happiness is greater than suffering. Dr. Sandel describes utilitarian logic as a cost benefit analysis that many corporations as well as overnments use to give measure to human life us ually in a monetary figure. A cost analysis example is based on a proposal to increase sales tax to cigarette sales in the Czech Republic. The analysis concludes that the Czech government benefits more from smokers. The cost analysis conducted states that the benefits of smoking are greater because smoking increases tax revenue, increases health care savings when people die early, and no more pension payments to those elderly that die early. Therefore the only costs would be an increase health care, which in this case does not outweigh the benefits of smoking.In a way the analysis are giving a monetary value to human life. Another view point by Dr. Sandel, is the Pinto case where a cost analysis was conducted to see if the benefits of adding a protective plate to the car were lower than the costs of human lives affected by not adding a protective plate to the fuel tank of the Pinto car. In argument, the utilitarian principle is discussed by some students that those lives and opinion s of the minority should not be less valuable than those of the majority. Some students believe that no monetary value should be placed on human lives.In other circumstances the students think someone has to make those decisions to be able to adequately take risks in certain situations. The monetary value that is placed on a human life by conducting cost analysis is done for the well being of the greater good to conclude into making important decisions by companies as well as governments. The second part in episode two Dr. Sandel mentions a personal experience that raises the question if all values can be turned into utilitarian terms. The objection to transform all values in to a single uniform measure such as utilitarian is objected by John Steward Mill.Mill believed that utilitarianism can be aligned with defending human rights. Mill also reasons that utilitarianism can distinguish higher pleasures from lower pleasures. The distinction of the lower and higher pleasure can be dist inguished by having experienced both pleasures and one who has experienced both will choose the higher pleasure always. Dr. Sandel proves his point by showing the class three videos in which they must choose one that can be described as the higher pleasure. After the viewing all three videos which were a clip by Hamlet, the other by fear factor, and finally The Simpsons.The class greatly agrees that the majority would pick the highest pleasure to be the clip by Hamlet and that Shakespeare is the highest pleasure out of all three. Exploring further the idea of utilitarianism a series of hypothetical moral reasoning situations can occur in the brother cities of El Paso, TX and Juarez, MX. The drug war happening in the city of Juarez is crucially affecting a developing economy that participates in the NFATA trade agreement. Large corporations have positioned its manufacturing plants to operate in the city of Juarez.With Juarez and El Paso trading goods and money extensively among count ries raises the idea of the following hypothetical scenario. In this hypothetical scenario involves a professional CEO of a major corporation residing in Juarez. The CEO of the corporation lives in El Paso and has to cross the international border to Juarez to be able to attend work on a daily basis. Sadly on any given day the CEO finds himself kidnapped by one of the drug cartels that are at war in Juarez. The drug cartel is asking for five million dollars in ransom for the CEO of the company.Therefore the company is suffering 10 million in losses a day without its CEO leader that conducts all major profitable operations run by him in the company. This scenario brings up the use of cost benefit analysis or utility discussed by Bentham. What would the company do in this situation? What is greater good for the greatest number is the question that should be asked? Would it be worth it to the company to pay the ransom or would the death of the CEO result in greater profit of interest t o the company. This example shows how a cost benefit analysis that can be conducted by the company in which it gives a monetary value to human life.It can be argued that there are other moral benefits to saving the CEO not just for the company but maybe because his family needs him. In a way it can also be argued that it is morally wrong to put a price on human life and that no matter what the company should pay a ransom no matter the amount. It can also be said that the CEO can easily be replaced in less than half a day and that the company could save its 10 million dollar losses for the day. Whatever the decision in the hypothetical scenario might turn out to be, the idea of cost benefit analysis is one that is used by all companies and business around the world.One, especially in business must sometimes come across difficult decisions and it is then when all theories moral reasoning and utilitarian must be applied to come to a conclusion. In sum, the discussion of the two episode s concludes that utility is applied to most certainly justice but to everyday decisions that are made by businesses around the world. Utilitarianism is referred by Bentham as the greater good for the greatest number in episode one of Justice with Michel Sandel.Last but not least in episode two, John Stuart Mill defends the concept of human rights in these words â€Å"Justice is a name for certain moral requirements, which, regarded collectively, stand higher in the score of social utility and are therefore of more paramount obligation than any others†. This quote, Mill says that it is ok to keep the laws and rules that exist only if there is a much greater reason for breaking them. Therefore utilitarian’s reason could be that saving a human life is a better reason in comparison to the loss of millions of dollars a company could sustain.Mill and Bentham dispute significantly ideas and create extensive room to ponder, but it is in our reasoning that these ideas can be co ncluded and interpreted only by one’s own moral reasoning. References Episode 01 – Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael Sandel – Online Harvard Course Exploring Justice, Equality, Democracy, and Citizenship. Retrieved June 12, 2012, from http://www. justiceharvard. org/2011/03/episode-01/#watch Episode 02 – Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael Sandel – Online Harvard Course Exploring Justice, Equality, Democracy, and Citizenship.Retrieved June 12, 2012, from http://www. justiceharvard. org/2011/02/episode-two/#watch Jeremy Bentham, Principles of Morals and Legislation (1780) – Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael Sandel – Online Harvard Course Exploring Justice, Equality, Democracy, and Citizenship. Retrieved June 13, 2012, from http://www. justiceharvard. org/resources/jeremy-bentham-principles-of-morals-and-legislation-1780/ The Queen vs Dudley and Stephens (1884) (The Lifeboat Case) – Justice with Michael Sandel. (n. d. ). Justice with Michael

How Reflective Practice Helps Teachers - 1816 Words

Throughout this piece of writing I am going to critically discuss the assertion that teachers themselves, are their own most important resource when it comes to the development of their professional expertise. When evaluating this claim I will address a number of topics including reflective practice, professional expertise and the correlation between them; as well as this I will refer back to the GTCNI framework and what it has to say about teacher effectiveness and the variety of tools that teachers use in order to be successful. I am going to talk about the key theorists who brought about the idea of reflective practice, such as Dewy and Schon, and I will also outline the different models of reflective practice that are in existence today. Although reflective practice is generally deemed a positive approach, I will talk about possible complications or drawbacks that can be associated with it. As a whole, this essay will evaluate how reflective practice helps teachers to develop the ir competence and professional expertise, and it will assess other methods and tools which teachers incorporate in order to be successful, in comparison to reflective practice. First of all, I am going to talk about the concept of ‘professional expertise’. According to (Pollard et al, 2014 pg. 69) â€Å"teaching is a highly complex and skilled activity which, above all, requires classroom teachers to exercise judgement in deciding how to act.† Therefore to be successful in such a highly complexShow MoreRelatedReflective Reflection On Reflective Practice1332 Words   |  6 Pages Reflective Practice in Special Education Using Action Research Sunny Suzanne West St. Joseph’s University Course Title â€Æ' Abstract: Reflective Practices in Special Education Using Action Research Title and Link to Study: Promoting Reflective Practices in Special Education through Action Research: Recommendations from Pre-service Teachers; Paula Wenner Conroy http://journals.library.wisc.edu/index.php/networks Research Problem and Purpose of the Study: What is reflectiveRead MoreThe Activity Of Doing Action Research Among Iranian Teachers1540 Words   |  7 Pagesactivity of doing action research among Iranian teachers should be highlighted as well as expanded either through giving questionnaires, or participating in discussion workshops, interviewing with professional teachers, since reflection is an unfamiliar terminology among Iranian learners and teachers which has not been practically used yet. 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